Stop-loss strategies
Это руководство пока доступно на английском. Переводы появятся позже.
A stop-loss is an order or a planned rule to exit a position if price reaches a level that, for that trade, means the idea is wrong — or at least no longer worth holding. It is a tool for defining risk, not a promise that you will receive that exact price, and not a way to make a losing method profitable.
This guide covers types of stops, where people place them, and how they fail. It is educational and is not financial advice. Product names and order types vary by venue; read the venue’s documentation before using any order.
Common order types
- Stop-market: when the stop price is triggered, a market order is sent. You are more likely to get out, and less likely to get the trigger price in a fast tape.
- Stop-limit: when triggered, a limit order is placed. You control the worst price you are willing to accept, but the order may not fill, leaving you in the trade.
- Trailing stops follow price by a set distance or percentage as the position moves in your favour, and trigger if it retraces. They can lock in paper gains and can also exit on ordinary noise.
- Server-side versus client-side: a stop held only on your device may not fire if the app is closed or the connection drops. A stop accepted by the venue’s matching or risk engine is generally more reliable, but still not guaranteed in a disruption.
Some platforms also offer “reduce-only” flags, guaranteed-stop products (sometimes for an extra fee, more often in CFDs than in crypto), or protective close features. Guarantees, when they exist at all, are contractual features of that provider, not a property of markets.
Where people put them
Placement is a trade-off between “room to breathe” and “how much I lose if I am wrong.” Typical approaches include:
- just beyond a support or resistance zone (see that guide),
- a multiple of a recent range or average-true-range measure,
- a fixed fraction of the account, with position size adjusted to match (see Risk management),
- a time stop: exit if the idea has not worked after a planned interval,
- a structure invalidation: for example, a close back inside a range after a failed break.
Stops bunched in obvious places — a tick beyond a round number or a widely drawn trend line — are sometimes run in fast markets. That does not mean you should hide a stop so far away that the loss is unmanageable. It means obvious placement and tiny buffers both have problems.
Stops are not liquidations
A stop is your instruction, if it can be filled. A liquidation is the venue’s forced close when margin falls short. If your liquidation price is closer than your stop, the stop may never do its job. If you add or remove margin, both prices can move. Funding and fees also change the distance. Treat the liquidation estimate as part of the stop conversation, not as a separate curiosity. See Leverage and margin and Liquidations explained.
Gaps, wicks, and outages
Crypto trades around the clock, but liquidity does not. Weekends, holiday hours, and the seconds after a surprise announcement can produce wicks that trigger stops and then reverse, or gaps where the next trade is far beyond the trigger. During venue outages, you may not be able to amend or cancel. A “maximum loss” in a notebook should include a worse-fill case.
Mental stops (“I will get out if it goes there”) add another failure mode: hesitation. They also fail completely if you are asleep or away from the screen, which is relevant for any style that claims to be short-term but leaves positions open.
Process over folklore
No placement rule works in every regime. A tight stop in a noisy session becomes a sequence of small losses (death by a thousand cuts). A wide stop on a large leveraged position can be a large loss or a liquidation. The honest approach is to fix risk first (size and invalidation), then choose an order type that matches how that venue fills in stress, and to accept that tails exist.
If you move a stop further away to “give it room” after the trade is already losing, you have changed the risk you originally accepted. Journals catch that habit faster than slogans do.
This article is for information only and is not financial, investment, or trading advice. Stop orders can fill at worse prices or not at all, and leveraged trading can result in the loss of all capital.
Coordination with targets
Stops are often discussed as if they stood alone. In practice they sit opposite a target or a plan to exit into strength. A very tight stop next to a distant target looks attractive on a whiteboard (a high reward-to-risk ratio) and may be unrealistic if the market’s ordinary noise is larger than the stop. A journal that records planned versus realized exits is more informative than a ratio calculated before the trade. Fees and slippage belong in that comparison; a stop that fills two tenths of a percent worse than planned changes the arithmetic of a scalp more than the arithmetic of a weekly swing.